The American ideal of corporate efficiency took form in the early 20th century, seeded by reform-minded progressives seeking to improve the lot of the middle classes and their employers. As corporations consolidated at the end of the 19th century, progressives encouraged the spread of professional management to supersede the style that had defined the Robber Baron age.
As corporations pursued national markets, they needed experts in production, distribution and labor. Businesses were now to complex for generalists to run. This need for such expertise led to the advent of the management consultant. The most highly regarded consultant to arise out of this era is Frederick Winslow Taylor. Frederick Taylor's name was synonymous with "scientific management," a revolutionary movement that proposed the reduction of waste through the careful study of work. Peter Drucker has ranked Taylor, along with Darwin and Freud, as one of the seminal thinkers of modern times.
Born in 1856 into a wealthy Philadelphia family, Taylor disappointed his parents by working in a metal products factory, first as a machinist and next as a foreman. Shocked at the factory's inefficiency, and the practice of its skilled workers of purposely working slowly, Taylor proposed solutions that he believed would solve both problems. By studying the time it took each worker to complete a step, and by rearranging equipment, Taylor believed he could discover what an average worker could produce in optimum conditions. The promise of higher wages, he figured, would create added incentive for workers to exceed this "average" level. Taylor's time-and-motion studies offered a path away from the industrial wars of a century ago. Now what was needed was a way to apportion the wealth created by manufacturing enterprises. Taylor's answer sidestepped the class struggle and interest-group politics.
Generally creating enemies wherever he worked, and willing to bend the facts to suit his theories, Taylor's methods paid off, when on the eve of World War I, "Taylorism" became the first big management fad. An extreme version of Taylor's mind-set found its way into the operation of Nazi death camps and communist totalitarianism. The Taylor method prescribed a clockwork world of tasks timed to the hundredth of a minute, of standardized factories, machines, women and men. Naturally, ordinary workers resented having to work faster then they thought was healthy or fair.
It came to be revealed, that in case after case, Taylor and his adherents didn't actually use their time studies as the sole basis for setting normative output. Acknowledging that workers could not sustain peak level performances all day long, they used a margin of error or fudge factor of as much as a third to set a more realistic level. This of course, struck at the credibility that Taylor's system was based on scientific laws.
Taylor passed on in the year 1915.
(Source: The Wall Street Journal Bookshelf, June 13, 1997 pg. A17)
( http://www.cftech.com/BrainBank/TRIVIABITS/FredWTaylor.html )
16 Mart 2008 Pazar
14 Mart 2008 Cuma
Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915)
He was an American mechanical engineer and industrial management expert.He has got many researches to improve industrial efficiency.
When he was young he wants to go to Harward University Law Department but because of some medical problems he could not go to university...
He became an engineer on 1894 in the Midvale Company which he joined on 1878 as a worker.After this period,he became an administor again at the Midvale Company and he applied his ideas which were about improve the industrial efficiency and he contributed to development of the company.After very short time he gained a very important fame by his book called "Shop Managament".He thought that factory management and industrial management mechanism in his living period were exactly amauture and primitive.For magament mechanisms he tought that extra kinds of disciplines should be applied and workers should work together.He called as the father of industrial engineering by many experts.By the article called "The Principles of Scientific Management" which was writen on 1911 by Taylor he became more famous.All his ideas are called Taylorism.
Some parts of Taylorism are;
1-Managers and Workers
Taylor declared in his article The Principles of Scientific Management that divide work nearly equally between managers and workers, so that the managers apply scientific management principles to planning the work and the workers actually perform the tasks..
Some of his own sentences about this part are :
"It is only through enforced standardization of methods, enforced adoption of the best implements and working conditions, and enforced cooperation that this faster work can be assured. And the duty of enforcing the adoption of standards and enforcing this cooperation rests with management alone." (Taylor, Principles of Scientific Management, cited by Montgomery 1989:229, italics with Taylor)
"'I can say, without the slightest hesitation,' Taylor told a congressional committee, 'that the science of handling pig-iron is so great that the man who is ... physically able to handle pig-iron and is sufficiently phlegmatic and stupid to choose this for his occupation is rarely able to comprehend the science of handling pig-iron." (Montgomery 1989:251)
In his opinion,there are four principles of scientific management:
1-The development of true science
2-The scientifc selection of the worker
3-The scientific development and education of the worker
4-Confidentially and friendly cooperation between the management and the workerss
2-Management Theory
Taylor thought that by analysing work, the "One Best Way" to do it would be found. He is most remembered for developing the time and motion study. He would break a job into its component parts and measure each to the hundredth of a minute.
When he was young he wants to go to Harward University Law Department but because of some medical problems he could not go to university...
He became an engineer on 1894 in the Midvale Company which he joined on 1878 as a worker.After this period,he became an administor again at the Midvale Company and he applied his ideas which were about improve the industrial efficiency and he contributed to development of the company.After very short time he gained a very important fame by his book called "Shop Managament".He thought that factory management and industrial management mechanism in his living period were exactly amauture and primitive.For magament mechanisms he tought that extra kinds of disciplines should be applied and workers should work together.He called as the father of industrial engineering by many experts.By the article called "The Principles of Scientific Management" which was writen on 1911 by Taylor he became more famous.All his ideas are called Taylorism.
Some parts of Taylorism are;
1-Managers and Workers
Taylor declared in his article The Principles of Scientific Management that divide work nearly equally between managers and workers, so that the managers apply scientific management principles to planning the work and the workers actually perform the tasks..
Some of his own sentences about this part are :
"It is only through enforced standardization of methods, enforced adoption of the best implements and working conditions, and enforced cooperation that this faster work can be assured. And the duty of enforcing the adoption of standards and enforcing this cooperation rests with management alone." (Taylor, Principles of Scientific Management, cited by Montgomery 1989:229, italics with Taylor)
"'I can say, without the slightest hesitation,' Taylor told a congressional committee, 'that the science of handling pig-iron is so great that the man who is ... physically able to handle pig-iron and is sufficiently phlegmatic and stupid to choose this for his occupation is rarely able to comprehend the science of handling pig-iron." (Montgomery 1989:251)
In his opinion,there are four principles of scientific management:
1-The development of true science
2-The scientifc selection of the worker
3-The scientific development and education of the worker
4-Confidentially and friendly cooperation between the management and the workerss
2-Management Theory
Taylor thought that by analysing work, the "One Best Way" to do it would be found. He is most remembered for developing the time and motion study. He would break a job into its component parts and measure each to the hundredth of a minute.
And I really want to be the Taylor because he opened an age for industrial engineering(scientific management) and showed a lot of topics that can be studied and developed for people after him.In fact,he inspire many people...And shortly he is my favorite ;)
Resources
http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventors/taylor.htm
http://www.harwich.edu/depts/history/pp/20s/sld050.htm
http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Winslow_Taylor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Winslow_Taylor
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